Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on body composition and leptin concentration in post-menopausal women

Animal studies reveal that conjugated linoleic acid [CLA] alters body composition, but few studies have examined the effects of CLA supplementation on body composition and leptin concentration in post menopausal women. In the present study, A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to examine the changes in body composition and leptin concentration following 12 week supplementation of either 4 capsules of CLAG80 containing 3.2g CLA [50: 50 ratios of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers] or 4 placebo capsules [high oleic sunflower] in post-menopausal women. Seventy-six healthy post-menopausal women were randomized to receive placebo or 3.2g CLA for 12 weeks. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry was used to measure body composition at baseline and after 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected after 10-12 hours fasting before and after intervention in order to determine leptin levels. Subjects completed 3 day dietary records during the trial, at week 0 [baseline], and at weeks 6 and 12. These dietary records were coded by the same dietitian, and analyzed using Food Processor II. Anthropometric measurements were done according to standard methods. Baseline data for time since menopausal age, BMI, fat mass, lean mass, waist circumference, physical activity and systolic and diastolic pressure were similar in both groups. Dietary CLA in the CLA and placebo groups were 104.5 +/- 43.2 mg and 99.5 +/- 38.2 mg respectively. Although lean body mass increased by 0.87 kg in the CLA group [p<0.00] after 12 weeks of intervention, leptin concentration did not change in either group. Conjugated Linoleic Acid supplementation improves loss of skeletal muscle in postmenopausal women

Effects of beta-carotene-fortified carrot juice on the lipid profile in type-2 diabetes patients

Hyperlipedemia is a health problem in type-2 diabetes patients. This study was designed to investigate the effects of carrot juice fortified with beta-carotene on the blood lipids in these patients. This controlled randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 44 patients with type 2 diabetes. They were randomly divided into two groups receiving, daily for 8 weeks, either 200 ml carrot juice fortified with 10 mg beta-carotene [group A] or 200 ml ordinary carrot juice [group B]. All the subjects would drink the juice [exchanged for one serving of bread] at lunch. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls were done on 3 consecutive days and 6 alternate days by a nutritionist at the beginning and the end of the period. Initial and final fasting blood glucose, beta-carotene, and lipids were also measured. The dietary data were analyzed using Nutritionist IV and statistical analysis was done using SPSS[11.5]. The serum level of beta-carotene increased and that of total cholesterol and triglyceride, as well as the LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios, decreased significantly in group A as compared to group B. The treatments did not affect HDL-C or glucose concentrations in either group. Daily consumption of both 200 ml carrot juice fortified with 10 mg beta-carotene and ordinary carrot juice for 8 weeks brings about desirable changes in some of the blood lipids in type-2 diabetic subjects without any change in the serum glucose level, although fortified carrot juice is more effective. Such an intervention may prevent hyperlipedemia in these patients

[Reproductive hormonal changes following two types of hypocaloric diets in overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome women]

The appropriate combination and composition of hypocaloric diets for obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high protein-low glycaemic load diet on reproductive hormones in obese women with PCOS. In this single blind clinical trial, sixty overweight and obese women with PCOS, not using metformin, were randomly assigned in one of two groups, the modified with a 30% protein-low glycaemic load diet, and the conventional with 15% protein. Reproductive hormones, glucose and insulin were measured for 49 subjects at baseline and after 12 weeks. Weight loss showed no significant difference in the two groups. Changes in means for testosterone in the modified and conventional groups [0 to 12 weeks], were 1.78 +/- 1.52 to 1.31 +/- 1.27 and 1.51 +/- 0.63 to 1.15 +/- 0.57 ng/ml, respectively [p<0.001]. FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone and prolactin did not change. Insulin and HOMA reduction was significant for modified diet [p<0.001]. Weight loss had a significant effect on reduction of androgens. The main effect of modified diet with high protein and low glycaemic load was observed on insulin and HOMA, a finding which should taken into consideration for women with PCOS

[Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on insulin sensitivity and diabetes markers in type 2 diabetic patients]

Some cell culture and animal studies have reported that Conjugated Linoleic Acids [CLAs] have several health related benefits. CLAs have been shown to have antiadipogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. While increase in insulin resistance with 10-trans, 12-cis isomer of CLA was reported in some animal studies, there are controversial results about a 50:50 isomer mixture. The object of the present study was to determine the effect of CLAs supplementation [providing equal proportions of c9, t11 and t10, c12 - CLA] on plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, beta cell function and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was performed as an 8-week randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel intervention. Participants were 39 [19 men and 20 women] type 2 diabetic subjects [35 to 50 Y, BMI >25 and <30], stratified according to sex, age and BMI into two groups. Group one were given 3.0 g CLA/d [3x1 g capsules, a 50:50 isomer blend of c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA] and, group 2 took CLA placebos [soy bean oil] for 8 weeks. Blood sample collection after fasting and 2 hours after a standard breakfast, was done before and after the intervention in order to determine insulin, glucose, pre insulin, c-peptide and HbA1c levels. No significant differences were seen in fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C- peptide and HbA1c levels between groups or in insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and beta cell responsiveness. CLA supplementation has no effects on diabetes glucose level and insulin function and its prescription is not recommended

Study of the effect of baked lentil on glycemic control and lipid profiles in type II diabetics

Background and purpose: Researchers have Recently Recommended high-fiber and low glycemic-index foods for glycemic control in diabetics and reduction of Lipid Profiles. This Study intended to investigate the effect of baked lentils [as a highly consumed, and low glycemic index] on FBS and Lipid Profiles in type II diabetics

Methods and materials: This cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 30 type II diabetic patients of 45- 60 years [divided randomly into two groups of 15] with FBS of 126-180 mg/dl. The control group was given the usual diet but the experimental group received 50 gr baked lentild, 6gr canola oil instead of [30 gr] bread, and 20 gr cheese [in the form of an isocaloric breakfast with similar amounts of macronutrients]. For 6 weeks, after a 3- week rest, subjects in the two groups were interchanged. Diets were switched between the two groups and continued for another 6-week Period. At the beginning and end of each phase of the study, biochemical and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Calculations of dietary components were done using Food Processor II, and the data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS

Results: Fasting blood glucose of the patients decreased significantly from 152.6 +/- 11.4 mg/dl to 148.4 +/- 11.8 mg/dl [p<0.05]. Except for total cholesterol, other lipid profiles were not affected by the treatment but Total cholesterole reduced significantly from 228.07 +/- 14.7 mg/dl to 222.4 +/- 12.6 mg/dl [p<0.05]. No significant changes were observed in the concentration of other lipid profiles [including LDL-C, HDL-C and serum triglyceride] and serum fructozamine

Conclusion: Consumption of baked lentils as a low glycemicindex breakfast can reduce levels of serum glucose and total glucose, and improve the glycemic control of type II diabetics

effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice of type 1 diabetic patients from Aligoodarz

Medical-nutritional managements would reduce the progress of complications in the diabetic patients. There are a number of controversial findings about the effect of knowledge on improvement of metabolic control in type 1 diabetic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice of patients in Aligoodarz. Using standard methods, the biochemical indices were measured at the beginning of the study and the knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] questionnaire was filled in by the patients. The patients were trained 12 hrs during 3 days for diet survey and KAP. Three months later, the biochemical indices were measured, the questionnaires were filled in and the data of before and after the training were compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS, using paired t-test and McNemar tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The mean of the duration of diabetes was 10.9 +/- 6.44 years. FBS, HbA1c%, total cholesterol, LDL-C and hypoglycemic attacks decreased significantly [p<0.001]. Both knowledge and practice scores increased [p<0.001] significantly from 14.2 +/- 3.9 to 21.9 +/- 2.6 and 17.2 +/- 5.8 to 26.9 +/- 4.5, respectively. Attitude also increased significantly [p<0.05]. Based on our results, nutrition education increases knowledge, attitude and practice in the diabetics and changes the biochemical indices to improve their metabolic control. Therefore, the appropriate nutrition education, in addition to insulin therapy, is useful in the control of type 1 diabetes